A Feasibility Study of Wastewater Treatment Using Domestic Microalgae and Analysis of Biomass for Potential Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selecting Candidate Strains for Wastewater Treatment
2.1.1. Screening Candidate Microalgae Using AW with KNUA Strains
2.1.2. Dominant Microalgae in Mass Cultivation in Chilgok
2.2. Wastewater Collection and Characterization
2.3. Measurement of Growth Rate
2.3.1. Growth Conditions
2.3.2. Measurement of Growth Rate and Biomass Productivity
2.4. Measurement of Nutrient and Metal Removal
2.5. Measurement of Physicochemical Properties
2.6. Biochemical Composition of Biomass
2.7. Proximate and Ultimate Analysis
2.8. Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl−Ester (FAME) Contents
2.9. Biodiesel Properties Based on FAME Profiles
3. Results
3.1. Selecting Candidate Strains for Wastewater Treatment
3.2. Wastewater Collection and Characterization
3.3. Measurement of Growth Rate and Biomass Productivity
3.4. Nutrient Removal Efficiency
3.5. Chlorophyll and Total Carotenoid Contents
3.6. Biochemical Analysis
3.7. Proximate and Ultimate Analysis
3.8. FAME Analysis with GC/MS
3.9. Biodiesel and Bio-Lubricant Properties Based on FAME Profiles
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Temperature | 25.8 °C |
pH | 7.24 |
Salinity | 0.5 |
Conductivity | 913 μs cm−1 |
Total solid (TS) | 0.013 g L−1 |
Total dissolved solid (TDS) | 45.9 mg L−1 |
Turbidity | 67.8 NTU |
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) | 12.4 mg L−1 |
Total nitrogen (TN) | 30.9 mg L−1 |
Ammonia (NH3-N) | 29.19 mg L−1 |
Nitrate (NO3-N) | N.D. 1 |
Total phosphorus (TP) | 2.29 mg L−1 |
Element concentration | (mg L−1) |
Na | 64.28 |
Ca | 50.09 |
K | 13.74 |
Fe | 0.69 |
Mg | 10.32 |
P | 2.39 |
S | 28.93 |
Carbohydrate | Protein | Lipid | |
---|---|---|---|
Tetradesmus obliquus KNUA019 | 27.24 ± 2.39 | 34.29 ± 0.0 | 22.38 ± 3.42 |
Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020 | 26.98 ± 1.91 | 35.78 ± 0.77 | 16.99 ± 2.56 |
Desmodesmus sp. KNUA024 | 24.41 ± 0.99 | 39.66 ± 0.18 | 23.51 ± 3.62 |
Pseudopediastrum sp. KNUA039 | 27.86 ± 3.49 | 32.15 ± 0.13 | 26.45 ± 3.28 |
Tetradesmus obliquus KNUA019 | Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020 | Desmodesmus sp. KNUA024 | Pseudopediastrum sp. KNUA039 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Proximate analysis (wt%) | ||||
MC 1 | 5.9 ± 0.0 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.1 |
VM 2 | 90.6 ± 0.3 | 88.8 ± 0.1 | 88.9 ± 0.2 | 91.8 ± 0.5 |
Ash | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6 |
Ultimate analysis (wt%) | ||||
C | 44.9 ± 0.4 | 41.6 ± 0.9 | 44.6 ± 0.8 | 46.1 ± 0.2 |
H | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.0 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 7.1 ± 0.1 |
O | 38.8 ± 0.8 | 40.9 ± 0.8 | 36.9 ± 0.4 | 38.8 ± 0.4 |
N | 5.5 ± 0.0 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.0 | 5.1 ± 0.0 |
S | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 |
CV 3 (MJ kg−1) | 19.5 ± 0.4 | 18.0 ± 0.4 | 19.5 ± 0.2 | 20.5 ± 0 |
Tetradesmus obliquus KNUA019 | Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020 | Desmodesmus sp. KNUA024 | Pseudopediastrum sp. KNUA039 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SV | 183 | 179 | 181 | 170 |
IV | 150 | 131 | 170 | 95 |
CN | 41.0 | 44.7 | 34.6 | 55.3 |
DU | 114 | 102 | 122 | 91 |
LCSF | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
CFPP | −7.7 | −7.0 | −10.1 | −9.7 |
OS | 6.4 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 8 |
υ | 3.64 | 3.76 | 3.39 | 3.92 |
ρ | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.83 |
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Do, J.-M.; Jo, S.-W.; Kim, I.-S.; Na, H.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, H.S.; Yoon, H.-S. A Feasibility Study of Wastewater Treatment Using Domestic Microalgae and Analysis of Biomass for Potential Applications. Water 2019, 11, 2294. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112294
Do J-M, Jo S-W, Kim I-S, Na H, Lee JH, Kim HS, Yoon H-S. A Feasibility Study of Wastewater Treatment Using Domestic Microalgae and Analysis of Biomass for Potential Applications. Water. 2019; 11(11):2294. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112294
Chicago/Turabian StyleDo, Jeong-Mi, Seung-Woo Jo, Il-Sup Kim, Ho Na, Jae Hak Lee, Han Soon Kim, and Ho-Sung Yoon. 2019. "A Feasibility Study of Wastewater Treatment Using Domestic Microalgae and Analysis of Biomass for Potential Applications" Water 11, no. 11: 2294. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112294