From Land to Sea, a Review of Hypertemporal Remote Sensing Advances to Support Ocean Surface Science
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Be univariate in nature (with multiple images of the same parameter only);
- Contain a set of time slices, all of which must be precisely co-registered (with image-to-image pixels perfectly aligned spatially); and
- Exhibit radiometric consistency between images (i.e., they are measured using the same sensors or inter-validated sensor systems, and exhibit a degree of normalisation between time slices).
2. Challenges and Opportunities for Hypertemporal Remote Sensing
3. Avenues to Extract Information from Hypertemporal Earth Observation Datasets
3.1. Pixel-Centred Measurement and Summary Analysis (PMA)
3.2. Principal Components Analysis (PCA)-Founded Approaches
3.3. Classification (CLS)-Founded Approaches
3.4. Time Series Analysis (TSA)-Founded Approaches
4. Adopting a Strategic Approach for Future Advances
- Prioritising data-driven approaches;
- Quantifying temporal signature diversity and ocean surface heterogeneity; and
- Exploiting the unidirectional nature of time.
4.1. Prioritising Data-Driven Approaches
4.2. Quantifying Temporal Signal Diversity and Ocean Surface Heterogeneity
4.3. Exploiting the Unidirectional Nature of Time
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product | Parameter | Temporal Extent | Temporal Resolution | Spatial Resolution | Described In |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GHRSST Global Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Multi Product Ensemble (GMPE) | Sea surface temperature | 2009–present | Daily | ~0.25° | Martin et al. [3] |
MODIS Aqua Chlorophyll-a Concentration Level 3 | Sea surface photosynthetic activity | 2002–present | Daily | ~4 km2 | NASA [4] |
Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, Version 1 | Sea ice | 1978–2018 | daily | ~25 km2 | Cavalieri et al. (updated yearly) [5] |
Global Wind Level-3 ASCAT 12.5 km Coastal Wind Product | Surface winds | 2012–present | daily | ~12.5 km2 | Vogelzang & Stoffelen [6] |
Study (Authors, [Reference]) | Publication Year | Application | Methodologies Used | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | ||||||||||||
Pixel-Centred Measurement & Analysis (PMA) | Classification (CLS) | Principal Components Analysis (PCA) | Time-Series Analysis (TSA) | Fourier Series Analysis | Temporal Metrics & Phenology Metrics | Temporal Mixture Analysis | Wavelet Analysis (A.) | Post-Classification A. | Autocorrelation A. | Correlation A. | Loadings A. | |||
Derksen et al. [51] | 1998 | Links between snow cover & atmospheric circulation | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||
Derksen et al. [52] | 1998 | Links between snow cover & atmospheric circulation | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
Okkonen et al. [31] | 2003 | Mesoscale eddies | ✔ | |||||||||||
LeDrew [32] | 2005 | Sea ice variability | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||
Piwowar & Derksen [53] | 2008 | Sea ice concentration & atmospheric teleconnections | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||
Piwowar [50] | 2008 | Sea ice concentration and characterising normals | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
Kleynhans et al. [54] | 2010 | Landcover classification & change detection | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||
Piwowar [49] | 2011 | Characterising normal for vegetation vigour and anomalies | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
Salmon et al. [55] | 2011 | Settlement expansion, landcover change detection | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||
Ali et al. [56] | 2012 | Landscape ecology mapping | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||
de Bie et al. [57] | 2012 | Landscape heterogeneity mapping, methodology development | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
Grobler et al. [58] | 2012 | Landcover classification & change detection | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
O’Connor et al. [25] | 2012 | Land surface phenology | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
Pittiglio et al. [21] | 2012 | Inputs for species distribution modelling | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||
Ali et al. [28] | 2013 | Landcover, gradient mapping | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||
Girma et al. [20] | 2015 | Species distributions | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||
Kleynhans et al. [16] | 2015 | Landcover change detection | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
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Scarrott, R.G.; Cawkwell, F.; Jessopp, M.; O’Rourke, E.; Cusack, C.; de Bie, K. From Land to Sea, a Review of Hypertemporal Remote Sensing Advances to Support Ocean Surface Science. Water 2019, 11, 2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112286
Scarrott RG, Cawkwell F, Jessopp M, O’Rourke E, Cusack C, de Bie K. From Land to Sea, a Review of Hypertemporal Remote Sensing Advances to Support Ocean Surface Science. Water. 2019; 11(11):2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112286
Chicago/Turabian StyleScarrott, Rory Gordon, Fiona Cawkwell, Mark Jessopp, Eleanor O’Rourke, Caroline Cusack, and Kees de Bie. 2019. "From Land to Sea, a Review of Hypertemporal Remote Sensing Advances to Support Ocean Surface Science" Water 11, no. 11: 2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112286