Environmental-Friendly Contamination Assessment of Habitats Based on the Trace Element Content of Dragonfly Exuviae
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Localities
2.2. Sample Process and Trace Element Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elements | Stages | ||
---|---|---|---|
Larvae | Exuviae | Adults | |
Al | 13.4 ± 1.3a | 87.0 ± 3.9b | 1.6 ± 0.2c |
Ba | 0.7 ± 0.1a | 1.9 ± 0.1b | 0.6 ± 0.1a |
Cr | 0.1 ± 0.01a | 0.3 ± 0.01b | 0.1 ± 0.01a |
Cu | 2.2 ± 0.2a | 1.0 ± 0.03b | 3.1 ± 0.2a |
Fe | 81.2 ± 6.4a | 267.1 ± 11.7b | 10.5 ± 1.1c |
Mn | 13.1 ± 1.8a | 26.0 ± 2.0b | 0.4 ± 0.02c |
Pb | 0.1 ± 0.02a | 0.3 ± 0.02b | 0.1 ± 0.01a |
Sr | 0.5 ± 0.03a | 0.7 ± 0.02b | 0.5 ± 0.01a |
Zn | 12.8 ± 0.7a | 10.0 ± 0.7b | 12.2 ± 0.3a |
Elements | Stages | ||
---|---|---|---|
Larvae | Exuviae | Adults | |
Al | 29.7 ± 2.4a | 47.2 ± 2.3b | 0.7 ± 0.1c |
Ba | 0.8 ± 0.1a | 1.1 ± 0.1a | 0.1 ± 0.01b |
Cr | 0.04 ± 0.01a | 0.01 ± 0,01a | n.d. |
Cu | 4.0 ± 0.2a | 0.8 ± 0.03b | 3.3 ± 0.2a |
Fe | 95.3 ± 6.1a | 128.2 ± 6.4b | 8.0 ± 0.5c |
Mn | 9.1 ± 1.6a | 10.4 ± 1.3a | 0.3 ± 0.01c |
Pb | 0.3 ± 0.03a | 0.2 ± 0.01a | 0.1 ± 0.01b |
Sr | 0.5 ± 0.02a | 0.5 ± 0.01a | 0.5 ± 0.01a |
Zn | 17.0 ± 0.7a | 9.4 ± 0.6b | 12.7 ± 0.2c |
Elements | Stages | ||
---|---|---|---|
Larvae | Exuviae | Adults | |
Al | 41.3 ± 2.1a | 113.7 ± 3.7b | 3.6 ± 0.1c |
Ba | 2.3 ± 0.2a | 1.9 ± 0.1a | 0.1 ± 0.01b |
Cr | 0.1 ± 0.01a | 0.3 ± 0.01b | 0.01 ± 0.01a |
Cu | 17.8 ± 1.5a | 0.6 ± 0.02b | 121.9 ± 19.4a |
Fe | 61.2 ± 3.1a | 163.0 ± 5.5b | 7.7 ± 0.7c |
Mn | 5.3 ± 0.4a | 13.2 ± 0.8b | 0.4 ± 0.03c |
Pb | 1.6 ± 0.03a | 0.7 ± 0.02b | 1.0 ± 0.1c |
Sr | 1.1 ± 0.1a | 0.2 ± 0.01b | 0.6 ± 0.1c |
Zn | 9.5 ± 0.4a | 7.5 ± 0.4b | 6.7 ± 0.6b |
Elements | Stages | ||
---|---|---|---|
Larvae | Exuviae | Adults | |
Al | 23.2 ± 1.6a | 87.7 ± 3.5b | 1.0 ± 0.1c |
Ba | 1.1 ± 0.1a | 2.1 ± 0.1b | 0.1 ± 0.04c |
Cr | 0.04 ±0.01a | 0.2 ± 0.01b | 0.01 ± 0.01c |
Cu | 3.0 ± 0.2a | 0.9 ± 0.03b | 3.7 ± 0.2a |
Fe | 99.5 ± 7.8a | 227.5 ± 11.2b | 8.5 ± 0.3c |
Mn | 6.7 ± 0.5a | 11.2 ± 0.7b | 0.3 ± 0.01c |
Pb | 0.2 ± 0.02a | 0.3 ± 0.02b | 0.02 ± 0.01c |
Sr | 0.7 ± 0.02a | 0.9 ± 0.02b | 0.4 ± 0.01c |
Zn | 15.5 ± 0.7a | 7.6 ± 0.5b | 11.1 ± 0.2c |
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Simon, E.; Tóthmérész, B.; Kis, O.; Jakab, T.; Éva Szalay, P.; Vincze, A.; Baranyai, E.; Harangi, S.; Miskolczi, M.; Dévai, G. Environmental-Friendly Contamination Assessment of Habitats Based on the Trace Element Content of Dragonfly Exuviae. Water 2019, 11, 2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112200
Simon E, Tóthmérész B, Kis O, Jakab T, Éva Szalay P, Vincze A, Baranyai E, Harangi S, Miskolczi M, Dévai G. Environmental-Friendly Contamination Assessment of Habitats Based on the Trace Element Content of Dragonfly Exuviae. Water. 2019; 11(11):2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112200
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon, Edina, Béla Tóthmérész, Olga Kis, Tibor Jakab, Petra Éva Szalay, András Vincze, Edina Baranyai, Sándor Harangi, Margit Miskolczi, and György Dévai. 2019. "Environmental-Friendly Contamination Assessment of Habitats Based on the Trace Element Content of Dragonfly Exuviae" Water 11, no. 11: 2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112200